Ampicillin

Ampicillin is an antibiotic used to prevent and treat a number of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis.

Ampicillin

Ampicillin, Aminobenzylpenicillin, Amcill, Ampicillin acid, Ampicilline

ADC, Bacipen, Albercilin, Baxin-D, Alcilox, Baxin-D-LB, Alfacillin, Biocilin, Amklok, Broacil, Ampibact-D, Ampicillin, Broadicilin, Ampicillin Inj, Dynacil, Ampijet, Ampilin, Ampilin Tab, Amsat, Ampilox, Ampimax, JP-Cilin,

(2S,5R,6R)-6-[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid

• Absorption:  Oral (well absorbed from the GI tract)
• Distribution: Widely distributed into the ascitic, bile, pleural and joint fluids, CSF. Protein binding 20%.
• Metabolism: Enterohepatic recycling
• Excretion: Urine, via the faeces

It is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections usually caused by gram-positive, susceptible, organisms. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, this inhibits the 3^rd and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. 

The recommended dose range is 0.5 to 3g every 6 hours/4 times a day. 

Route of administration: IV/PO/IM

Respiratory infection, UTI, GI, and meningitis due to E. coli, enterococci, P. mirabilis, Shigella, S. typhosa and other Salmonella, nonpenicillinase-producing N. gononhoeae, H. influenzae, staphylococci, streptococci including streptoc

Anaphylactic shock; pseudomembranous colitis; neuromuscular hypersensitivity; electrolyte imbalance. GI upset, vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea; urticaria, blood dyscrasias; seizures; exfoliative dermatitis, rash; fever, interstitial nephritis.

• Skin rash increased with allopurinol.
• Simultaneous use with oral contraceptives may lead to reduced efficacy of the contraceptive and increased risk of breakthrough bleeding.
• Probenecid increases blood levels.
• Increases disulfiram and anticoagulant effects.
• Synergism with β-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid or sulbactam, penicillinase-stable drugs eg, cloxacillin or flucloxacillin and aminoglycosides.

• Caution when used during pregnancy.
• Hypersensitivity
•  infectious mononucleosis
• Caution when used in lactation.

Store at 20-25°C.

Molecular weight

349.405

Molecular formula

C16H19N3O4S

CAS number

69-53-4

Precautions

Renal failure; patients with lymphatic leukemia or HIV infections; pregnancy and lactation